"Living in a retirement village has the capacity to be a great lifestyle decision, sadly it also has the capacity to be your very worst financial decision." - RETVILLDOTNET.
An example for a village with the Deferred Management Fee calculated on the ingoing $$$.

"My father must have been one of the few people who lost money when he sold his home in a booming Melbourne property market. This huge loss on his home, in a popular suburb not far from the CBD, was despite it selling for more than he paid for it. The problem? He bought into a retirement village." - Diana Thorp. Sunday Herald Sun. 22/08/21
An example for a village with the Deferred Management Fee calculated on the outgoing $$$.

Capital Gain

Capital Gain (or Loss)
A contract with a 'capital gain' provision may afford some protection from inflationary effects over time.
Note:- Contracts with a capital 'gain' provision usually include a capital 'loss' provision.

WARNING - Some contracts calculate the Capital Contribution (aka the deferred fee) not on the initial entry price but on the eventual selling price.

This 'selling price' type contract will have an even larger impact on capital over time, eg: A deferred fee set at say 25% of an entry price of $500,000.00 produces a payment required of $125,000.00. For those village residents with a long period of occupancy and an exit price style contract, 25% of an exit price of say $800,000.00 produces a 'deferred fee' payment of $200,000.00, an extra $75,000.00.

This equates to a hidden deferred fee rate of 40.0% on the original $300,000.00 in-going paid.

There can be a vast difference in the capital value position of a retiree on leaving a retirement
village depending on - 1. whether the contract of occupancy grants any share of capital gains
to the resident and 2. even if granted whether any capital gains were achieved.


The following tables show the differing outcomes of five different ways in the treatment of capital gains. View the differing outcomes where the resident share of any capital gain is 100% 75%, 50%, 25%, or 0%. Of particular note is the methodology used to calculate the refundable amount of the outgoing resident and the dramatic impact it can have on the refundable amount on departure.

In Scenario 1, 2 and 5 the financial outcomes are based on the Deferred Management Fee being calculated on the 'outgoing value' of the unit. What separates them is the methodology of the calculation, there is no legislative protection for retirees against the methodology used in Scenario 2 and 5.

In Scenario 3 and 4 outcomes are based on the Deferred Management Fee being calculated on the 'ingoing value' of the unit. 41% of the retirement village industry is outlined in Scenario 4, the main feature being the operator granting zero access to any capital gain in the value of the unit being occupied. Scenario 3 produces the best outcomes for departing residents as the calculation methodology grants true access to the capital gain % as stated in the Fact Sheet.

The different calculations are summarised in the table below.
Note both the differing financial outcomes for retirees and the difficulty retirees would have in foreseeing these impacts prior to be required to execute a contract of occupancy.

SUMMARY

Scenario 1 = The in-going Amount $ ($800,000) plus a % share of any Capital Gain $ minus a Deferred Management Fee of 40% calculated on a total of both the in-going amount and the $ share of any capital gain %.

Scenario 2 = The in-going amount $ ($800,000) plus a % share of any Capital Gain $ minus a Deferred Management Fee of 40% calculated on the Outgoing Value of the Unit ($1,6m).
There is no legislative protection for retirees against the Scenario 5 methodology.


Scenario 3 = The in-going $ ($800,000) minus a Deferred Management Fee of 40% calculated on the in-going amount. On top of the result of this calculation the departing resident then receives 100% percent of their % percentage share of any capital gain.


Scenario 4 = The in-going $ ($800,000) minus a Deferred Management Fee of 40% calculated on the in-going Value of the Unit. 


Scenario 5 = The in-going $ ($800,000) minus a Deferred Management Fee of 40% calculated on the Out-going Value of the Unit ($1.6m).
There is no legislative protection for retirees against the Scenario 5 methodology.

The individual calculation methodology for each scenario is explained in the following tables -

Scenario 1.
Calculation of the Refundable Amount $ = The in-going Amount $ ($800,000) plus a % share of any Capital Gain $ minus a Deferred Management Fee of 40% calculated on a total of both the in-going amount and the $ share of any capital gain %.

Scenario 1
Capital Gain (CG) share to resident = 100%
Methodology ($800,000 + $800,000 CG = $1,600,000 x 40% DMF = $640,000 = $1,600,000 - $640,000 = $960,000 refundable amount.
Capital Gain (CG) share to resident = 75%
Methodology ($800,000 + $800,000 CG x 75% = $600,000 = $1,400,000 x 40% DMF = $450,000 = $1,600,000 - $560,000 = $840,000 refundable amount.
Capital Gain (CG) share to resident = 50%
Methodology ($800,000 + $400,000 = $1,200,000 x 40% DMF = $480,000 = $1,200,000 - $480,000 = $720,000 refundable amount.
Capital Gain (CG) share to resident = 25%
Methodology ($800,000 + $200,000 = $1,000,000 x 40% DMF = $400,000 = $1,000,000 - $400,000 = $600,000 refundable amount.
Capital Gain (CG) share to resident = 0%
Methodology ($800,000 + $0 = $800,000 x 40% DMF = $320,000 = $800,000 - $320,000 = $480,000 refundable amount.

Scenario 2. 
Calculation of the Refundable Amount $ = The in-going amount $ ($800,000) plus a % share of any Capital Gain $ minus a Deferred Management Fee of 40% calculated on the Outgoing Value of the Unit ($1,6m).

Scenario 2

Capital Gain (CG) share to resident = 100%
Methodology ($800,000 + $800,000 CG = $1,600,000 - 40% DMF x outgoing value of $1,600,000 = $640,000 = $1,600,000 - $640,000 = $960,000 refundable amount.
Capital Gain (CG) share to resident = 75%
Methodology ($800,000 + 600,000 CG = $1,400,000 - 40% DMF x outgoing value of $1,600,000 = $640,000 = $1,400,000 - $640,000 = $760,000 refundable amount.
Capital Gain (CG) share to resident = 50%
Methodology ($800,000 + $400,000 CG = $1,200,000 - 40% DMF x outgoing value of $1,600,000 = $640,000 = $1,200,000 - $640,000 = $560,000 refundable amount.
Capital Gain (CG) share to resident = 25%
Methodology ($800,000 + $200,000 CG = $1,000,000 - 40% DMF x outgoing value of $1,600,000 = $640,000 = $1,000,000 - $640,000 = $360,000 refundable amount.
Capital Gain (CG) share to resident = 0%
Methodology ($800,000 + $0 CG = $800,000 - 40% DMF x outgoing value of $1,600,000 = $640,000 = $800,000 - $640,000 = $160,000 refundable amount

There is no legislative protection for retirees against the above methodology.

NOTE:- In Scenario 1 and 2 there is an inherent deception in the Fact Sheet which can state 'the resident will be entitled to 100% of any increase in capital value of the unit”. Deceptive because in those calculations the deferred management fee (DMF) of 40% is calculated on the total of the in-going value of the unit and any % share of a capital gain (Scenario 1) or the outgoing value of the unit (Scenario 2). In these calculations the resident actually only receives 60% not 100% of the actual capital gain $ amount, 40% is taken by the DMF.

Scenario 3. 
Calculation of the Refundable Amount $ = The in-going $ ($800,000) minus a Deferred Management Fee of 40% calculated on the in-going amount. On top of the result of this calculation the departing resident then receives 100% percent of their % percentage share of any capital gain. (as per the statement in the fact sheet)

Note the benefit to the retiree in Scenario 3 of this calculation methodology as opposed to Scenario 1. The refundable amount due to a departing resident where the deferred management fee is calculated on the in-going amount and the payment of any agreed capital gain percentage is paid in full on top of the initial calculation.

Scenario 3
Capital Gain (CG) share to resident = 100%
Methodology ($800,000 + $800,000 CG = $1,600,000 - 40% DMF x ingoing value of $800,000 = $320,000 = $1,600,000 - $320,000 = $1,280,000 refundable amount.
Capital Gain (CG) share to resident = 75%
Methodology ($800,000 + $600,000 CG = $1,400,000 - 40% DMF x ingoing value of $800,000 = $320,000 = $1,400,000 - $320,000 = $1,080,000 refundable amount.
Capital Gain (CG) share to resident = 50%
Methodology ($800,000 + $400,000 CG = $1,200,000 - 40% DMF x ingoing value of $800,000 = $320,000 = $1,200,000 - $320,000 = $880,000 refundable amount.
Capital Gain (CG) share to resident = 25%
Methodology ($800,000 + $200,000 CG = $1,000,000 - 40% DMF x ingoing value of $800,000 = $320,000 = $1,000,000 - $320,000 = $680,000 refundable amount.
Capital Gain (CG) share to resident = 0%
Methodology ($800,000 + $0 CG = $800,000 - 40% DMF x ingoing value of $800,000 = $320,000 = $800,000 - $320,000 = $480,000 refundable amount.


Scenario 4. 
Calculation of the Refundable Amount $ = The in-going $ ($800,000) minus a Deferred Management Fee of 40% calculated on the in-going Value of the Unit. There is no access to any share of capital gain. This is applicable to 41% of the retirement village industry.

Scenario 4
retirement village capital gain scenario 4
Methodology ($800,000 + $0 CG = $800,000 - 40% DMF x ingoing value of $800,000 = $320,000 = $800,000 - $320,000 = $480,000 refundable amount.

Note the vast difference in financial outcomes for retirees between Table 4 and Table 3 where a reasonable % percentage of any capital gain is granted to the resident.

The value of the refundable amount the interest free loan to operator for the period of occupancy in all Scenarios is further negatively impacted by the devaluing effect of inflation over the period of occupancy.

For example – In Scenario 4 a retiree would suffer an inflationary devaluation on their projected refundable amount of $480,000 at 3% inflation over a 10 year occupancy period of $122,834.92. The future present day value of their refundable amount would on departure be only $367,165.08 not $480,000.00.



Scenario 5.
Calculation of the Refundable Amount $ = The in-going $ ($800,000) minus a Deferred Management Fee of 40% calculated on the out-going Value of the Unit ($1.6m). There is no access to any share of capital gain. 41% of retirement village residents do not have access to any capital gain.


Scenario 5


Methodology ($800,000 + $0 CG = $800,000 - 40% DMF x outgoing value of $1,600,000 = $640,000 = $800,000 - $640,000 = $160,000 refundable amount.

There is no legislative protection against the use of the above methodology.

For those retirement village residents that are granted access to all or a share of any capital increase in value of the unit they occupy, a flatter property market could lead them to what is referred to as the retirement village 'poverty trap'. A position where the refundable amount due to a resident on departing a village is no longer sufficient to allow them to return to the property market or fund an aged care placement of their choice.

Refer Table D -

Table D

This negative impact is difficult to foresee in monetary terms at the time of executing a lease or licence to occupy. Refer - https://retvilldotnet.blogspot.com/p/povertyfinancial-trap.html


Where retirees accept access to a % share of any capital gain in the unit they are to occupy, they also accept responsibility for the payment of a proportional share in any capital loss.


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Function of Government

The role of government is to create an environment for commerce to function whilst at the same time protecting retirees and particularly vulnerable retirees from both financial and emotional harm emanating from that function.

The Victorian Retirement Villages Act 1986 provides the environment for commerce to function but fails to fully protect retirees from financial and emotional harm as a result of it.

The Victorian legislative definition of a retirement village in demanding the payment of an 'in-going' amount without the transfer of property ownership is a major contributor to that financial and emotional harm suffered by retirees.


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